Concerning a general X-ray Tube:

(a) The cathode is held at a negative potential

Concerning a general X-ray Tube:

(b) Leakage radiation is transmitted through the tube housing

Concerning a general X-ray Tube:

(c) The minimum total filtration required is 2.5mm of aluminium

Concerning a general X-ray Tube:

(d) The typical specific tube output is 50µGy/mAs at 80kVp

Concerning a general X-ray Tube:

(e) Heat energy deposited in the focal spot is known as tube loading

The following statements are true:

(a) Absorbed dose is the dose quantity used to estimate the stochastic risk from an exposure to an individual

The following statements are true:

(b) The Dose Area Product measurement does not vary with increasing distance from the focus along the primary beam central axis

The following statements are true:

(c) The unit of measurement for equivalent dose is the Gray (Gy)

The following statements are true:

(d) The ICRP(103) tissue weighting factor, w_T, for red bone marrow is considered similar to lung

The following statements are true:

(e) The equivalent dose, H_T, in a tissue or organ is the product of the absorbed dose in the tissue or organ and the radiation weighting factor, w_R

Target filter combinations used in mammography systems include:

(a) W/Rh

Target filter combinations used in mammography systems include:

(b) Mo/Mo

Target filter combinations used in mammography systems include:

(c) W/Al

Target filter combinations used in mammography systems include:

(d) Mo/Rh

Target filter combinations used in mammography systems include:

(e) Rh/Cu

The automatic exposure control system:

(a) Is an X-ray termination device

The automatic exposure control system:

(b) Maintains a constant input dose/dose rate to the image detector

The automatic exposure control system:

(c) May use an ionisation chamber positioned between the X-ray tube and the patient

The automatic exposure control system:

(d) Adjusts the tube kV and mA simultaneously during fluoroscopy along a power curve

The automatic exposure control system:

(e) May produce a generally under exposed planar image if the selected AEC detector is covered by a prosthetic hip

Patient entrance skin dose increases with (changing one factor at a time):

(a) Increasing kVp

Patient entrance skin dose increases with (changing one factor at a time):

(b) Increasing mAs

Patient entrance skin dose increases with (changing one factor at a time):

(c) Increasing filtration

Patient entrance skin dose increases with (changing one factor at a time):

(d) Increasing focus to skin distance

Patient entrance skin dose increases with (changing one factor at a time):

(e) Decreasing focal spot size

Good X-ray beam collimation:

(a) Decreases the beam intensity

Good X-ray beam collimation:

(b) Reduces the DAP reading

Good X-ray beam collimation:

(c) Increases the radiation exposure to the patient

Good X-ray beam collimation:

(d) Increases contrast in the image

Good X-ray beam collimation:

(e) Reduces scattered radiation

Fluoroscopic image detectors include:

(a) Image intensifers

Fluoroscopic image detectors include:

(b) Flat panel detectors

Fluoroscopic image detectors include:

(c) Computed radiography plates

Fluoroscopic image detectors include:

(d) Thermoluminescent dosimeters

Fluoroscopic image detectors include:

(e) Ionisation chambers

Geometric unsharpness is decreased if the:

(a) Effective focal spot size is reduced

Geometric unsharpness is decreased if the:

(b) Focus to image detector distance is increased

Geometric unsharpness is decreased if the:

(c) Object to image detector distance is increased

Geometric unsharpness is decreased if the:

(d) Patient movement is captured on the image

Geometric unsharpness is decreased if the:

(e) Exposure time is increased

Removing the anti-scatter grid for an adult abdomen X-ray examination, conducted using the automatic exposure control, will

(a) Reduce the image quality

Removing the anti-scatter grid for an adult abdomen X-ray examination, conducted using the automatic exposure control, will

(b) Reduce the kV of the exposure

Removing the anti-scatter grid for an adult abdomen X-ray examination, conducted using the automatic exposure control, will

(c) Reduce the patient skin dose

Removing the anti-scatter grid for an adult abdomen X-ray examination, conducted using the automatic exposure control, will

(d)  Reduce the DAP reading

Removing the anti-scatter grid for an adult abdomen X-ray examination, conducted using the automatic exposure control, will

(e) Reduce the contrast to noise ratio

The following statements are true:

(a) Effective dose is the dose quantity used to estimate the deterministic risk from an exposure to an individual

The following statements are true:

(b) The Dose Area Product measurement of an exposure can be measured at any point along central axis of the primary beam between the focus and the patient 

The following statements are true:

(c) The unit of measurement for equivalent dose is the Gray (Gy)

The following statements are true:

(d) The ICRP(103) tissue weighting factor, wT, for lung is the same as for breast tissue

The following statements are true:

(e) The equivalent dose, HT, in a tissue or organ is the product of the absorbed dose in the tissue or organ and the radiation weighting factor, wR

Concerning contrast agents:

(a) Studies utilising iodine contrast are best conducted at 100kVp X-ray tube voltage

Concerning contrast agents:

(b) Barium contrast studies are best imaged using 80kVp tube voltage

Concerning contrast agents:

(c) Barium contrast agents are used to enhance visualisation of vasculature

Concerning contrast agents:

(d) Examinations of the GI tract may use air to enhance contrast in the image

Concerning contrast agents:

(e) Maximum contrast will be achieved at photon energies just above the k-edge of the contrast agent element

Good X-ray beam collimation:

a) Increases beam intensity

Good X-ray beam collimation:

b) Increases the DAP reading

Good X-ray beam collimation:

c) Increases the patient effective dose

Good X-ray beam collimation:

d) Increases the contrast to noise ratio

Good X-ray beam collimation:

e) Increases mAs

Typical patient dose indicators provided by fluoroscopy equipment include: 

a) Dose area product

Typical patient dose indicators provided by fluoroscopy equipment include: 

b) Air Kerma

Typical patient dose indicators provided by fluoroscopy equipment include: 

c) Dose length product

Typical patient dose indicators provided by fluoroscopy equipment include: 

d) Dose width product

Typical patient dose indicators provided by fluoroscopy equipment include: 

e) Frame rate

A general radiography X-ray tube

a) May have more than one focal spot size

A general radiography X-ray tube

b) Usually has a copper target

A general radiography X-ray tube

c) Has the target embedded in the anode

A general radiography X-ray tube

d) Has a high voltage applied between the cathode and the anode

A general radiography X-ray tube

e) Contains a filament that, when heated to a high temperature, emits X-rays