Ultrasound

Theory & B-Mode Imaging
Introduction
1 Topic
Ultrasound Types
Ultrasound and Interactions
6 Topics
Principles of Ultrasound
Acoustic Impedance
Reflection
Scattering
Refraction
Attenuation and Absorption
Ultrasound Transducers and Beams, A-line 8 B-mode
5 Topics
The Piezoelectric Effect, Transducers, Damping and Q
Pulse Transmission and Reception
Array Transducer Construction and Different Types of Array
Beam Formation, Focussing and Steering
Ultrasound Imaging Performance, Spatial/Contrast Resolution and Slice Thickness
Ultrasound Controls
6 Topics
Main Ultrasound Controls
Gain
Time Gain Control
Dynamic Range
Frame Rate
Terms Used in Ultrasound
Artefacts
7 Topics
Introduction to Artefacts
Reverberations
Enhancement and Attenuation
Refraction Artefact
Mirror Artefact
Focal Banding
Reinforcement and Cancellation of Waves – Speckle
Harmonics, Spatial Compounding, Contrast Agents
4 Topics
What is Harmonic Imaging?
Compound Imaging
Contrast Microbubbles
M-mode
Doppler Ultrasound
Doppler Ultrasound – Introduction
Continuous Wave Doppler
3 Topics
Continuous Wave Doppler
The Doppler Spectrum
Effect of Insonation Angle on Doppler Frequency
Pulse Wave Doppler
6 Topics
Example of Vascular Imaging
The Doppler Equation
Angle Dependence and Pulsed Wave Sampling
Aliasing
Aliasing, Scale, Sensitivity
Aliasing, Scale/Pulse Repetition Frequency, Depth
Beam Steering, Angle Correction and Accuracy of Velocity Measurements
4 Topics
Setting Up the Sample Volume, Steering and Angle Correction
Misalignment Errors
Beam/Vessel Angle Error
Intrinsic Spectral Broadening
Flow Waveform Indices
1 Topic
Flow Waveform Features, Pulsatility and Resistive Indices
Colour Flow Imaging
2 Topics
Colour Flow Imaging
Colour Doppler Processing
Power Doppler
1 Topic
Power Doppler
Clinical Example – Portal Vein Imaging
Ultrasound Safety
Introduction and Summary of Mecanisms
Mechanical Effects – Cavitation
Thermal Effects
Pressure, Power & Intensity
Intensity Terms and Current Regulations
Mechanical and Thermal Indices
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Beam Steering, Angle Correction and Accuracy of Velocity Measurements

Ultrasound Beam Steering, Angle Correction and Accuracy of Velocity Measurements

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